Full papers of hyperlinked titles can be downloaded via ScienceDirect.

Jiang Tao, Zhang Tao, Liu Zhihong, Review on resources and recycling of germanium, with special focus on characteristics, mechanism and challenges of solvent extraction, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 294, 2021

Tao Zhang, Tao Jiang, Zhihong Liu, Extraction behavior of germanium from synthetic leaching solution of secondary zinc oxide in tertiary amine (N235)-trioctyl phosphate (TOP) system, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 160, 2021

Katja Meschke, Robin Hofmann, Roland Haseneder, Jens-Uwe Repke, Membrane treatment of leached mining waste – A potential process chain for the separation of the strategic elements germanium and rhenium, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 380, 2019

Tao Jiang, Tao Zhang, Fengchun Ye, Zhihong Liu, Occurrence state and sulfuric-acid leaching behavior of germanium in secondary zinc oxide, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 137, 2019

Hossein Kamran Haghighi, Mehdi Irannajad, Agustin Fortuny, Ana Maria Sastre, Selective separation of Germanium(IV) from simulated industrial leachates containing heavy metals by non-dispersive ionic extraction, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 137, 2019

Arite Werner, André Rieger, Kristian Helbig, Benjamin Brix, Jörg Zocher, Roland Haseneder, Jens-Uwe Repke, Nanofiltration for the recovery of indium and germanium from bioleaching solutions, Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 224, 2019

Tao Zhang, Tao Jiang, Zhihong Liu, Recovery of Ge(IV) from synthetic leaching solution of secondary zinc oxide by solvent extraction using tertiary amine (N235) as extractant and trioctyl phosphate (TOP) as modifier, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 136, 2019

Stijn Van Roosendael, Joris Roosen, Dipanjan Banerjee, Koen Binnemans, Selective recovery of germanium from iron-rich solutions using a supported ionic liquid phase (SILP), Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 221, 2019

Shuai Rao, Dongxing Wang, Zhiqiang Liu, Kuifang Zhang, Hongyang Cao, Jinzhang Tao, Selective extraction of zinc, gallium, and germanium from zinc refinery residue using two stage acid and alkaline leaching, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 183, 2019

A.Werner, A. Rieger, M. Mosch, R. Haseneder, J. Repke, Nanofiltration of indium and germanium ions in aqueous solutions: Influence of pH and charge on retention and membrane flu, Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 194, 2018

H.K. Haghighi, M. Irannajad, A. Fortuny, A.M. Sastre, Recovery of germanium from leach solutions of fly ash using solvent extraction with various extractants, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 175, 2018

C.A. Cruz, S. Marie, G. Arrachart, S. Pellet-Rostaing, Selective extraction and separation of germanium by catechol based resin, Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 193, 2018

F. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Li, B.P. Wilson, Z. Liu, L. Zeng, M. Lundström, Recovery and separation of gallium(III) and germanium(IV) from zinc refinery residues : Part II: Solvent extraction, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 171, 2017

F. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Li, B.P. Wilson, M. Lundström, Extraction of Ga and Ge from zinc refinery residues in H₂C₂O₄ solutions containing H₂O₂, International Journal of Mineral Processing, Vol. 163, 2017

F. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Liu, Q. Li, L. Zeng, Extraction of gallium and germanium from zinc refinery residues by pressure acid leaching, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 164, 2016

O. Wiche, H. Heilmeier, Germanium (Ge) and rare earth element (REE) accumulation in selected energy crops cultivated on two different soils, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 92, 2016

S. Nusen, Z. Zhu, T. Chairuangsri, C. Yong Cheng, Recovery of germanium from synthetic leach solution of zinc refinery residues by synergistic solvent extraction using LIX 63 and Ionquest 801, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 151, 2015

K. Kuroiwa, S. Ohura, S. Morisada, K. Ohto, H. Kawakita, Y. Matsuo, D. Fukuda, Recovery of germanium from waste solar panels using ion-exchange membrane and solvent extraction, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 55, 2014

F. Arroyo Torralvo, C. Fernandez-Pereira, Recovery of germanium from real fly ash leachates by ion-exchange extraction, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2011

Liang, D., et al, Germanium recovery by co-precipitation of germanium and iron in conventional zinc metallurgy, Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol.108 No.11, 2008

D. Liang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Difference in dissolution between germanium and zinc during the oxidative pressure leaching of sphalerite, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 95, No. 1-2, 2009

Fayram, T.S., and Anderson, C.G., The development and implementation of industrial hydrometallurgical gallium and germanium recovery, Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol.108, No.5, 2008

D. Liang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Wang, J. Jiang, Behavior of tannins in germanium recovery by tannin process, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 93, No.3-4, 2008

M. Kul, Y. Topkaya, Recovery of germanium and other valuable metals from zinc plant residues, Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 92, No.3-4, 2008

P. Coca, F. Garcia Pena, Ion flotation of germanium from fly ash aqueous leachates, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol.118 No.1-2, 2006

R.R. Moskalyk, Review of germanium processing worldwide. Minerals Engineering, Vol.17 No.3, 2004

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